Follow the evidence.
Understand the analysis.

Keep the source page and its position in the document. Supported page rendering can produce a 600 dpi export; the original capture determines the detail available.

Locate signature-shaped regions. The wider mark-extraction workflow also screens ink and ranks candidates such as initials, names and company chops.

Reduce surrounding whitespace around the selected ink region. Keep the original page available alongside the extracted specimen.

Compare the extracted sample with references where supported. Retain the crop-to-page relationship with the comparison and report exhibit.

Separate questioned material from independently sourced known signatures. Retain natural variation across the reference set.

Compare overall form and regional stroke detail. Explicit measurements can describe contours, connections and loops, slant and stroke width.

Keep learned visual comparison and equal-weight shape measurements distinct. A separate visual review describes observed agreements and differences.

Supported fusion combines scores into a calibrated likelihood ratio. Preserve its reference and calibration context alongside the separate comparison views.

Use legible writing and appropriate references. A candidate-writer search needs samples from the supplied candidate writers.

Extract structural writing units and measure supported baseline, slant, component dimensions, spacing and stroke width.

Common-authorship comparison evaluates sample relationships statistically. Candidate ranking compares local writing features to shortlist the nearest supplied writers.

Organise feature measurements and line-quality indicators alongside the selected comparison output. Each answers a different part of the writing question.

A native file supports embedded-record checks. Indentation enhancement needs raking-light photographs; watermark enhancement needs transmitted light.

Extract supported image or PDF fields and inspect timestamps, software records and inconsistencies under defined rules.

Enhance recorded shadow gradients or transmitted-light features. Decode supported printer markings when an eligible print and suitable scan are available.

Link extracted regions, metadata observations and enhanced working copies to the source. A missing field or absent printer pattern remains an observation.

Choose a source image and the question to test: duplication, compression history, camera characteristics, geometry or recorded provenance.

For duplication, identify corresponding local details. Other workflows inspect compression traces, noise, low-level pixel statistics or physical geometry.

Check whether matching details share a consistent displacement. In this controlled illustration, the second bicycle region repeats the same source crop.

Keep source and annotated views together. Duplication locations, statistical maps, camera comparisons and signed-record checks remain separate output types.

Use the original audio or its extracted video track. Record the available format, streams and duration before selecting a workflow.

Speech processing produces a draft transcript. Separate workflows compare voice characteristics, shared recorded content or available continuity signals.

Read time and frequency views together. Continuity tools examine detectable mains hum or changes in adjacent speech and background sound.

Keep uncertain transcript words visible. Conditional hum, reverberation and noise reduction with level control produces a separate listening copy.

Inspect the container, stream properties and frame timestamps. Distinguish encoded records from observations made on decoded images.

Use the defined workflow for duplication, timing or sampled-face screening. Face screening scores extracted face images at sampled positions.

Compare repeated-frame observations and timestamp gaps. Visual generation screening examines feature patterns; temporal and detector coverage depend on the implementation.

Link frames, timing records and viewing copies to the source. Synchronisation and physical measurements require suitable anchors, geometry and timing.